SocialStartups.com

(This post is a longer take on the things mentioned here and here.)

Pre-condition #1: Identity

Facebook, with the release of social plugins, has officially announced that they believe they are the Internet's digital identity system*. How so? Their new social plugins — Like buttons, Personalized widgets, site-wide toolbars — all assume that you are logged into Facebook all the time. No one has ever made an assumption like that before, and it dramatically changes the game. Also, it's scary because it's probably true.

[Update: My old boss Ted reminds me that Amazon Associates widgets also assume you are logged in, to show you personalized ads. IMO, it's more pernicious now because Facebook is approaching 500M users. If you exist on the Internet, you are probably on Facebook.]

Pre-condition #2: Traffic

Everyone wants traffic, and nobody has more of it than Facebook. So when Facebook announced "If you install our bug into your system, we'll send you traffic", publishers celebrated. Of course CNN wants their links in Facebook Newsfeeds. More traffic = more pageviews = higher CPMs to charge advertisers. Thanks to 20th century capitalism, everyone is chasing short-term metrics. Classic tragedy of the commons.

Scary Result #1: Ad network domination

Given pre-condition #2 (traffic), Facebook Like buttons are going to be everywhere. All of the top sites will have them, and most of the medium-sized sites will too. Who wouldn't want more traffic in exchange for adding one simple line of code, so simple anyone could do it? 

What does this mean? Facebook is going to have a window into every important website on the internet. You went to Victoria Secret? Facebook knows (see Pre-condition #1). You then went to Gawker? Facebook can show you ads for Victoria Secret products on Gawker because it knows you were just there. It's called ad re-targeting, and it's the most effective innovation online ads have seen in a while. And no one will be able to do it better than Facebook.

Scary Result #2: We know what you buy

There's been lots of talk about Facebook Credits – a Facebook created currency that allows you to buy real or virtual goods using your credit card, PayPal, etc. What if you could get a real Facebook credit card? Facebook would then be able to attain the Holy Grail of Brick & Mortar retailing – tying together what you are buying with your digital identity (again, pre-condition #1). Right now, millions (billions?) of dollars are spent by small businesses, trying to get you in the door – Happy Hour specials, Buy One Get One Free, Yellow Pages ads. But if you come in and buy something, they have no idea who you are, and therefore have no way to encourage you to come back**. 

A Facebook credit card is different. They know exactly who you are when you buy that special pair of Louboutins. And they can use that information to show you better ads or product recommendations. Remember, Amazon and Netflix give you great recommendations because they have more data, not better algorithms. And because Facebook sees financial benefits from these alternative streams, the Facebook credit card can have better rewards / lower rates than anything else, and they have the scale to do it. No wonder Blippy raised $11.2M at a $46.2M valuation.

Scary Result #3: We know where you are

f8 attendees had RFID chips implanted in their badges. To check-in, you simply swipe your badge against a kiosk. What if your Facebook credit card had an RFID chip in it? This should scare the shit out of Foursquare, Gowalla, and Bump. Imagine I walk into a cafe and the owner says, press your card against this pad to check-in; 10th check-in gets you a free coffee. No more fumbling for your iphone, waiting for the GPS / cell tower triangulation, and looking like an idiot. You don't even have to take the card out of your wallet – wave your whole wallet over the reader and you're in. Or, just buy something.

And don't think Facebook doesn't have the scale or cash or ambition to create a Point of Sale system; that'll just close the loop even tighter.

Why this scares the shit out of me

Facebook is filled with really, really, really smart people. And they've shown an incredible ability to innovate at large scale, with an ambition that is unmatched. So what happens when we give up our privacy in exchange for 5% off? What happens when Facebook knows more about the economy's transactions than Visa? What happens when Facebook is watching you closer than Google?

Data is everything in the 21st century. Who ever has more data wins the Internet, and I don't trust Facebook with that kind of scale and power.

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*You might remember the single sign-on wars of years past: Microsoft Passport, YahooID, OpenID, then later Facebook Connect / Twitter Connect / OAuth.

**The closest thing are loyalty punch cards you get at cafes or pencil & paper mailing list signups.

In the last 2 years, a few different sites have implemented some very successful social designs. I’ll lay out 5 social design patterns here and then follow up with case studies in subsequent posts. These apply to sites with user-generated content where the content is the primary object.

Public Timeline

I’m starting with the public timeline because, while it’s not the sexiest thing on this list, it’s critical for new users as a solution to the cold start problem. The public timeline is the first place new users will look for new content. It’s also how they will determine if they wish to join your community – the size, the tone, the cultural-norms, and the freshness of your community is easily communicated via the public timeline. And, of course, it’s also where new users can find other interesting users, which leads me to my next pattern.

Asymmetrical Follow

This has been written about before, so I won’t say much. Asymmetrical follow means I can follow the updates of a user without their permission. They, in turn, could follow me back but it’s not required. This allows for the kind of preferential attachment characteristic of scale-free networks, and it’s scale-free networks that are primed for viral propagation. When the goal is content distribution powered by network effects, it just doesn’t matter if you actually know the person or not. All that matters is if the person if a reliable source for interesting content. This is why social networks have failed to become anything more than social networks. Remember this graph from Brad Horowitz?

Only 1% of a community are content creators

Most people’s social networks aren’t large enough to contain more than a handful of super-star content creators. I believe the average Facebook account has 300 users. 1% of that is 3 – not enough to be a valuable source of content. If you think Dunbar’s number is a more accurate group size – which I do not with regard to online communities – then you’re only left with 1 or 2 people (1% of 150 = 1.5). Yes, you can argue that Facebook has done very well for itself living off of soap-opera like content – who is dating whom, who got drunk at what party, what was she wearing?!?) but there are natural limits to that growth. Their commenting feature will help drive page views, but there isn’t a whole lot of new value being created there.

Newsfeed

Nothing shocking about this. Now that your users have gone out and followed their friends and other interesting users, their homepage should now be the newsfeed that aggregates all of that content into one place. But it’s not sufficient just to include the stream of content. You need to also show who contributed that content (and, in the case of re-blogging, the other hands it passed through). Why? Because that’s how you can evaluate the people you are following (and, with re-blogging, discover new people to follow).

Re-blogging

I’m a huge re-blogging fan. It’s the engine that drives the content diffusion through the network. The concept is simple: if someone I’m following shares something interesting, I can easily push that same interesting piece of content out to everyone who is following me while providing proper attribution. Someone who follows me can do the same, and again, and again. This is really powerful, as the people who follow me are most likely not the same as the people I follow. Re-blogging provides a transport device for great interesting content to travel through connected components of the network (which are generally much larger than your immediate social network).

Social Proof

While judging the content someone shares is a decent proxy for evaluating whether or not to follow that person, social proof can help. Show how many followers the person has. Better yet, calculate their influence (like PageRank does for websites). Or, show how many favorites their posts have accrued or re-blogs their posts have had. It’s a quick and easy way for users to ascertain the reputation of a user in the context of your site.

Bonus: APIs and RSS

I promised five, but here’s an extra. Use APIs and RSS to amplify your power. Provide APIs so that others can build tools that extend your reach. Publish RSS feeds so that users can incorporate your interesting content into their existing routines. Make use of other companies’ APIs to publish your content out to them (like publishing to Twitter). It’s very difficult to create new habits, but it’s much easier to go where your users already are (Facebook, Twitter, Google Reader in my case).

Like I said at the start, I’ll be back soon with some commentary on how well (or not) various sites are implementing these ideas. Off the top of my head, I’m thinking about Blip.fm, bit.ly, and Soup.io. I’d love to talk about Etsy, but I feel like it wouldn’t be appropriate.

I was chatting with my friend Dan Nelson today after bumping into him at the Cornell Music Department library. He’s currently a Ph.D student at UPenn studying musical composition. He threw an idea at me and, after some collaboration, we came up with something akin to a Flickr for composed music.

It would work like this:

Everyone who registers gets a tumblog. (Side note: I love Tumblr. I thought about apologizing to everyone who keeps hearing me implement ideas with Tumblr, but I’m not going to. They deserve it for a job well done.)

Composers will use their tumblogs to publish 2 things. One, an mp3 of their composition. Two, a PDF of the score. Composers are encouraged to tag their content for improved discovery.

Everyone can use their tumblr dashboard to follow composers they like and heart music they like. Everyone can also use their tumblogs to re-blog music they particularly like and post about their experience with the music they’ve discovered.

Like Flickr, people can search for music or composers. Like Flickr, you can explore the most interesting compositions. And most importantly, like Flickr, you can pay to have a hard copy printed, bound, and mailed directly to you.

Your market is anyone who buys sheet music – basically every school and private music teacher in the country (and internationally). Sure, some people would just print out the PDFs for free, but I bet enough schools and teachers would pay for the nicely published and bound parts and score to make a profit. Like Chris Anderson has been saying since he wrote the Long Tail, you can be successful even if only a minority of your users pay.

If successful, what we will have done is broken the pre-Internet strangehold of the major publishing houses and academic elitism on composed music, similar to what Vimeo is doing for video and Etsy is doing for handmade goods. Something I thought about when I was at Etsy that applies here is, “An audience for every artist.” We can create a forum for quality composed music with a long tail. We can use social aggregation instead of editorial fiat to discovery great music. We can empower people to try their hand at composition even if they are a one-hit-wonder.

If anyone is interested in helping Dan build this company, please contact me – david.lifson at gmail – and I’ll pass your name along. It’s super simple, engineering-wise; Tumblr’s API is free and easy to use, storing the data and metadata is easy, slap a search index on the data, and you’re done. All that would be left is to set up a business partnership with a printing company like Subito Music, and the task of getting the word out and building up a community. And really, how many startups these days come with a business model, not to mention a highly targeted audience and a trove of user preference data.

Of the many reasons to admire Jeff Bezos, top billing goes to his unwavering long term vision. Here’s some quotes from this weekend’s NY Times article contrasting Amazon and eBay:

And here’s another:

And one more:

The rest of the NYT article outlines how far eBay has fallen. eBay had short-term focus (quarterly results) and fell into the innovator’s dilemma because they were held hostage by the hostility and vested interests of their sellers. Consider this quote, via Om Daily:

When you’ve got buyers needs in one ear and sellers screaming their needs in the other ear every day, you find yourself constantly tested – do you have enough persistence, enough patience, and enough customer focus to succeed?

Tags: amazon, ebay

Doc Searls Weblog · The Live Web

Yes, yes, yes, and yes. The web is a medium for activities – for collaboration and participation. When I read (or hear or watch) something, I want to know who created that content. I want to respond to it (as I am now with this post). I can publish this post out to my friends via a variety of methods thanks to RSS, so that my content can go to where my friends’ are, and not forcing them to come to me.

It’s perfect that at the end of Doc Searls’ blog post he links to Umair Haque’s post called How to Build a Next-Gen Business Now. Read it. Understand it. Expand the pie for everyone.